《保险研究》20210303-《市场竞争加强背景下农业保险公司的双重经营困境》（牛浩、李政、孙乐、陈盛伟）

［摘   要］我国农业保险市场在规模快速发展的同时，竞争也不断加强。由于农业保险的政策属性和特殊业务性质，市场竞争加强可能会影响保险公司的运行成本及赔付支出，从而对其产生经营压力。本文采用全国31个省、直辖市、自治区2010~2018年的面板数据，利用随机效应模型检验了市场竞争等因素对农业保险公司经营成本的影响。研究发现：市场竞争的加强既提升了综合费用率，也提升了简单赔付率，使农业保险公司面临运行成本与赔付支出同时增加的双重挤压困境，这将加大保险公司的经营压力。此外，保险特征、生产特征、受灾特征、财政特征等控制变量也显著影响农业保险公司的经营成本。

［关键词］农业保险；市场竞争；运行成本；赔付支出；经营困境

［基金项目］本文是国家自然科学基金青年项目(71803103)、教育部人文社科基金青年项目(18YJC630126)、国家自然科学基金面上项目(71773067)、山东省高等学校“青年科技计划”项目(2020RWE009)的阶段性成果。

［作者简介］牛浩,山东农业大学经济管理学院(商学院)副教授,研究方向:农业保险；李政,山东农业大学经济管理学院(商学院)博士研究生,研究方向:农业保险；孙乐,山东农业大学经济管理学院(商学院)博士研究生,研究方向:农业保险；陈盛伟(通讯作者),山东农业大学经济管理学院(商学院)院长、教授,研究方向:农业风险管理。

A Research on the Dual Operation Dilemmas of Agricultural Insurance Company amid Intensifying Market Competition

NIU Hao,LI Zheng,SUN Le,CHEN Sheng-wei

Abstract：With the rapid development of the agricultural insurance market in my country, competition has also been continuously strengthened. However, due to the policy attributes and special business nature of agricultural insurance, increased competition will cause operating pressures on insurance companies by affecting their operating costs and compensation efficiency. This paper uses panel data from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country from 2010 to 2018, and uses random effects models to test the impact of market competition and other factors on the operating costs of agricultural insurance companies. The study found that the strengthening of market competition not only increased the comprehensive expense ratio, but also increased the simple loss ratio, which caused agricultural insurance companies to face the double squeeze dilemma of increasing operating costs and compensation expenses at the same time, which would increase the operating pressure of insurance companies. It is also found that control variables, such as insurance characteristics, production characteristics, disaster characteristics and financial characteristics, can also significantly affect the operating costs and the compensation expenses of insurance companies.

Key words：agricultural insurance;market competition;operation cost;Compensation expenditure;business dilemma