《保险研究》20210606-《政策性农业保险对不同群体的收入再分配效应》（张伟、罗向明、曾华盛、刘心怡）

［摘   要］本文从城乡居民收入再分配、东部与中西部农户收入再分配以及贫困农户和富裕农户收入再分配三个维度,就政策性农业保险保费补贴的收入分配调节效应进行了理论层面的探讨。本文认为,保费补贴本质上是专门面向农户的一种财政转移支付方式,因此各级财政对农业保险提供保费补贴可以在一定程度上缩小城乡居民之间的收入差距；但由于我国区域间保费补贴力度存在明显差异,东部地区农户从保费补贴中获得的直接补贴收入和间接增收效应都显著高于中西部地区,因而现行保费补贴格局会进一步加大东部地区农户和中西部地区农户之间的收入差距；而农业保险在贫困农户和富裕农户之间的收入分配效应则取决于其风险保障水平的高低,风险保障水平较高的情况下,贫困农户从农业保险中所获得的增信效应较强,能够显著改善他们的信贷约束,有助于缩小与富裕农户之间的收入差距,反之则会加大与富裕农户之间的收入差距。从调节收入分配、缩小居民收入差距的角度考虑,政府部门可以通过优化农村政策性金融的补贴结构来提高农业保险的风险保障水平,以达到更好的精准扶贫效果。

［关键词］农业保险；相对贫困；保费补贴；收入再分配

［基金项目］教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(19YJA790116),国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973034)、国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003407),广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2019A1515011892),广东省属高校人文社科重大项目(2019WZDXM017),广东省软科学研究项目(2020A1010020059),广州市哲学社会科学发展“十三五”规划2020年度共建课题(2020GZGJ149)。

［作者简介］张伟,广东金融学院华南普惠金融研究中心副研究员,研究方向:农业保险；罗向明,广东金融学院保险学院院长、教授,研究方向:农业保险；曾华盛(通讯作者),华南农业大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:农村金融；刘心怡,广东金融学院华南普惠金融研究中心讲师,研究方向:农村金融。

The Income Redistribution Effect of Policy-based Agricultural Insurance on Different Groups

ZHANG Wei,LUO Xiang-ming,ZENG Hua-sheng,LIU Xin-yi

Abstract：This article discussed the income distribution and adjustment effect of policy-based agricultural insurance premium subsidies from three dimensions:income redistribution of urban and rural residents,income redistribution of rural households in the eastern and central and western regions,and income redistribution of poor and wealthy rural households.This article holds that premium subsidies are essentially a fiscal transfer payment method specifically for rural households.Therefore,premium subsidies provided by governments at all levels for agricultural insurance can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents to a certain extent;however,due to the obvious inter-regional premium subsidies differences,the direct subsidy income and indirect income increase effect that farmers in the eastern region receive from premium subsidies are significantly higher than those in the central and western regions.Therefore,the current premium subsidy pattern will further widen the income gap between rural households in the eastern region and rural households in the central and western regions;and the income distribution effect of agricultural insurance between poor farmers and wealthy farmers depends on the level of risk protection.When the level of risk protection is high,the credit-enhancing effect that poor farmers get from agricultural insurance is stronger,which can significantly improve their credit constraints.This helps to narrow their income gap with wealthy farmers.If it is the situation otherwise,the income gap between poor and wealthy farmers will be widened.From the perspective of adjusting income distribution and narrowing the income gap between residents,government departments can improve the risk protection level of agricultural insurance by optimizing the subsidy structure of rural policy-based finance to achieve better targeted poverty alleviation effects.

Key words：agricultural insurance;relative poverty;premium subsidies;income redistribution