《保险研究》20210806-《家庭养育负担、养老保险参保意愿与行为基于流动人口“三明治阶层”的分析》（王鑫鑫、朱青青）

［摘   要］本文利用2017年中国乡城人口流动调查数据(RUMiC),实证分析了家庭养育负担对流动人口中面临养老和育儿双重压力的“三明治阶层”养老保险支付意愿和参保行为的影响,并探究了造成两者悖离的因素。研究发现:流动人口“三明治阶层”的养老保险支付意愿和参保行为存在较大的差异,表现为愿意支付养老保险的比例高于实际参与城镇职工养老保险的比例,较高的支付意愿并不必然会转化为实际参保行为的原因值得深究；子女所在成长阶段对流动人口“三明治阶层”的养老保险支付意愿和参保行为都存在显著的影响；子女数量对流动人口的养老保险支付意愿存在显著正向影响,当子女处于稳定阶段(30岁以上)时,子女数量对实际参保行为才有显著促进作用；处于综合阶段(17~24岁)的子女性别可能是导致流动人口养老保险参保意愿和行为悖离的原因之一。

［关键词］养育负担；流动人口；养老保险；“三明治阶层”

［基金项目］本文系浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“老龄化城乡倒置背景下浙江省农村养老保障体系:关键问题、运作模式和治理对策”(20NDJC134YB)、国家自然科学基金面上项目“人口老龄化城乡差异的收入分配效应及作用机理研究”(71773108)、浙江财经大学研究生田野调查基金项目“全面三孩背景下家庭养育负担与养老保险支付行为:基于浙江省6区县的比较分析”(21TYDC047)的阶段性成果。

［作者简介］王鑫鑫,浙江财经大学博导、副教授；朱青青,浙江财经大学硕士研究生。

Family Upbringing Burden,Insurance Participation Willingness and Behaviors:An Analysis Based on the Sandwich Class of Mobile Population

WANG Xin-xin,ZHU Qing-qing

Abstract：Based on the data of China′s Rural-Urban Migration Survey(RUMiC)in 2017,this paper empirically analyzed the impact of family upbringing burden on pension insurance payment willingness and insurance participation behaviors of the sandwich class of the mobile population,and explored the factors causing the discrepancy between them.The results show that:(1)there is a significant difference between the willingness to pay for the pension insurance and the participation behaviors of the sandwich class of the mobile population.The proportion of people willing to pay for the pension insurance is higher than the proportion of people actually participated in the social pension insurance for urban workers.The reason why the higher willingness to pay does not necessarily translate into the actual participation behavior is worth further investigation.(2)Having children at the growth stage has a significant impact on the willingness to pay for pension insurance and insurance participation behaviors of the sandwich class;(3)The number of children has a significant positive impact on the willingness to pay for pension insurance,and only when children are at a stable stage(over 30 years old)does the number of children have a significant promotion effect on the actual insurance participation behaviors;(4)The gender of children at the comprehensive stage(17-24 years old)may be one of the reasons leading to the deviation of their will and behavior.

Key words：family upbringing burden;mobile population;pension insurance;sandwich class