《保险研究》20210907-《“正规就业-灵活就业”比较视角下的养老金充足性研究》（赵青、徐静、王晓军）

［摘   要］ 待遇充足性是养老金领域的重要问题。本文在回顾养老金制度主要目标的基础上,提炼出待遇充足性在消费平滑与防止贫困两个维度的内涵,构建了公共养老金的充足性综合指标,以城镇职工基本养老保险中的正规就业群体和灵活就业群体比较为视角,基于我国家户收入调查微观数据,对待遇充足性综合指标及其影响因素进行测算分析。结果发现:收入越低的人群越多依赖基本养老金收入,正规就业退休群体的养老金充足性水平明显高于灵活就业群体,男性的养老金充足性水平高于女性退休群体,东部地区退休群体的养老金充足性状况因较高的相对贫困风险和较低的横向替代率而低于中西部地区。建议制度改革要更多关注灵活就业群体的相对贫困风险问题。

［关键词］正规就业；灵活就业；城镇职工基本养老保险；待遇充足性

［基金项目］研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社科基金重点项目“我国基本养老保险制度研究”(20AZD075)。

［作者简介］赵青,武汉大学社会保障研究中心、武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,副教授；徐静,中山大学国际金融学院副教授；王晓军(通讯作者),中国人民大学应用统计科学研究中心、中国人民大学统计学院教授。

A Study on the Pension Adequacy from the Comparative Perspective of “Formal Employment and Flexible Employment”

ZHAO Qing,XU Jing,WANG Xiao-jun

Abstract：The adequacy of pension benefits is an important issue in the field of study on pension systems.By reviewing the main objectives of the pension system,this paper summarized the connotation of “adequacy” in the two dimensions of consumption smoothing and poverty prevention,and constructed a synthetic indicator suitable for China′s employment-related public pension system.Then from the comparative perspective of formal employment group and flexible employment group under the Basic Old-Age Insurance for Urban Employees,and availing of the household income survey’ s micro data,it made a calculation and analysis of the synthetic indicator for benefit adequacy.The results show that the lower the group’s income,the more dependent on the basic pension benefits;the level of pension adequacy for formal-employment retirees is significantly higher than that of flexible-employment retirees;and the pension adequacy level for male retirees is normally higher than that of female retirees.The adequacy status of retiree groups in the eastern region is lower than those in the central and western regions due to higher relative poverty risks and lower cross replacement rates.The future improvement of the system should pay more attention to the risk of relative poverty for flexible employment groups.

Key words：formal employment;flexible employment;Basic Old-Age Insurance for Urban Employees;pension adequacy