《保险研究》20220306-《利益平衡视角下利他保险合同中任意解除制度的反思与完善》（吴涵昱）

［摘   要］我国现行《保险法》所规定的投保人任意解除权在利他保险合同的情境下可能会损害被保险人的利益。《保险法司法解释(三)》第17条虽然明确了被保险人或受益人在投保人解除合同时可以支付对价使得保险合同继续存续以兼顾被保险人的利益，但从司法实践的情况来看，因该条对被保险人关于投保人解除合同的知情权以及如何保证被保险人或受益人能顺利行使“赎买权”缺乏细致的规定，其未能实现兼顾被保险人利益的制度目的。就完善路径而言，仅让投保人就解除合同的事实通知被保险人存在理论、效率、情理上的弊端，并非最优之选。因此，应明确科以保险人在收到投保人解除通知后对被保险人的通知义务并增设合同解除的宽限期，以保证被保险人在收到保险人的通知之后，有充分的时间向保险人支付对价以取代原投保人的地位。保险人若怠于通知，则应向被保险人赔偿相应的损失。在被保险人于宽限期内向保险人行使“赎买权”后，本来应当解除的保险合同关系因被保险人的介入而继续承续，投保人退出原保险合同关系，保险人应将保单的现金价值退还给投保人以实现利益的平衡。

［关键词］利他保险合同；投保人；保险人；解除权；通知义务；宽限期

［作者简介］吴涵昱，法学博士，中国计量大学法学院讲师，从事商法学、保险法学研究。

A Reflection on and Perfection of the System of Arbitrary Termination by the Policyholder of Altruistic Insurance Contracts from the Perspective of Balancing Interests

WU Han-yu

Abstract：China′s current "Insurance Law" stipulates the policyholder′s right to arbitrarily terminate the insurance contract.This may damage the interests of the insured in the context of an altruistic insurance contract.Although Article 17 of the Judicial Interpretation III of the Insurance Law clarifies that the insured or the beneficiary can pay the consideration when the policyholder cancels the contract so that the insurance contract can continue to exist in order to taking into account the interests of the insured,from the perspective of judicial practices, this article lacks detailed provisions on the insured′s right to be noticed about the contract termination and how to ensure that the insured or the beneficiary can smoothly exercise the "redemption right",Therefore, Article 17 fails to achieve the institutional purpose of taking into account the interests of the insured.As far as the improvement path is concerned,it is not the best choice to only let the policyholder notify the insured of the fact of the contract termination,which has theoretical,efficiency and rational drawbacks.The obligation of the insurer to notify the insured after receiving the notice of cancellation from the insured should be clarified and a grace period for contract cancellation should be added to ensure that the insured has sufficient time to pay the consideration to replace the original policyholder.If the insurer fails to notify the insured,it shall compensate the insured for the corresponding loss.After the insured exercises the "redemption right" to the insurer within the grace period,the insurance contract relationship that should have been terminated is continued due to the intervention of the insured,and the policyholder withdraws from the original insurance contract relationship.The cash value should be returned to the policyholder to achieve the balance of interests.

Key words：altruistic insurance contract;policyholder;insurer;right to rescind;obligation to notify;grace period