《保险研究》20220408-《社会保险缴费压力与企业避税行为：促进还是抑制？》（刘璐、杨明辉）

［摘   要］社会保险缴费负担过重一直被认为是阻碍企业发展、限制企业竞争力提高的重要原因。进一步完善减税降费政策，提高政策的准确性和有效性，已经成为政府部门着力解决的工作重点。本文以2008～2019年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象，深入考察社会保险缴费负担对企业避税的影响以及劳动密集程度和股权集中度在其中的调节作用。实证研究发现:社会保险缴费负担对企业避税具有倒U型影响；劳动密集程度的提升会弱化社会保险缴费负担和企业避税的倒U型关系；股权集中度的提升会强化社会保险缴费负担和企业避税的倒U型关系。进一步研究表明，避税成本已经较大的企业具有较低的避税动机；相比于非国有企业，国有企业的避税动机相对较弱；较强的税收征管力度会对企业避税产生一定的抑制作用；兼任董事长和CEO与高质量外部审计等有效的内外部公司治理机制能够较好地抑制企业避税行为。本文的研究有助于深化社会保险缴费与企业避税的关系，为减税降费和社保费征收体制改革提供依据。

［关键词］社会保险缴费；企业避税；劳动密集程度；股权集中度；避税成本

［基金项目］国家哲学社会科学基金项目“保险公司过度风险承担与系统性风险跨市场传染机制研究”(17BJY204)。

［作者简介］刘璐，东北财经大学金融学院教授，研究方向:保险理论、保险公司财务；杨明辉，东北财经大学金融学院硕士研究生。

Social Insurance Contribution Pressure and Corporate Tax Avoidance:Promotion or Restriction?

LIU Lu,YANG Ming-hui

Abstract：The heavy burden of China′s corporate social insurance contributions has always been considered as an important factor that hinders the development of companies and restricts the improvement of their competitiveness.Improving the policy of the tax cut and fee reduction and further promoting the accuracy and effectiveness of the policy have been the key issue to be addressed by the government.Taking the samples of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2019,this paper deeply examined the impacts of social insurance contribution burden on corporate tax avoidance,as well as the moderating role of labor intensity and ownership concentration.The empirical study indicates that:the social insurance contribution burden has an inverted U-shaped relationship with corporate tax evasion;the increases of labor intensity will weaken the inverted U-shaped relationship between them,while the increases of ownership concentration will strengthen this relationship between them.Further research shows that:companies with higher tax evasion cost have lower tax evasion motivation;compared with non-state-owned companies,the tax evasion motivation of state-owned companies is relatively weaker;stronger tax collection and management measures have a certain inhibitory effect on corporate tax evasion;and effective internal and external corporate governance mechanisms such as one person holding concurrent posts of chairman and CEO and high-quality external audit can better restrict corporate tax evasion.This article helps to deepen the study on the relationship between social insurance contributions and corporate tax avoidance,and it will provide a basis for the reform on tax cut and fee reduction and social security contributions collection system.

Key words：social insurance contributions；corporate tax avoidance；labor intensity；ownership concentration；tax evasion cost