《保险研究》20220407-《灵活就业人员基本养老保险参与、地位认同与公平感——来自CLDS数据的证据》（张寅凯、薛惠元）

［摘   要］社会地位认同和公平感是社会保障制度缩小收入差距、实现社会公平功能的重要体现。灵活就业人员的兴起，不仅对传统基本养老保险制度构成了挑战，也对构建更加公平的新型社会保障体系提出了新的要求。本文基于中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2014~2016年数据，分析了参与基本养老保险对灵活就业人员社会地位认同和公平感的影响。结果表明:与未参保的灵活就业人员相比，参与居民基本养老保险对灵活就业人员的社会地位认同、参与职工基本养老保险对灵活就业人员的公平感均具有更显著的积极影响；基本养老保险参与对不同雇佣关系和收入水平的灵活就业人员有不同的影响；对低收入灵活就业人员而言，收入水平对职工基本养老保险存在“挤出效应”。建议:完善灵活就业人员参保机制；坚持量能缴费原则，适当缩小不同养老保险之间的待遇差距；规范灵活就业人员与平台之间的法律关系，强化平台企业缴费责任。

［关键词］基本养老保险；灵活就业人员；社会地位认同；公平感

［基金项目］教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(20JZD025)；国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZD072)。

［作者简介］张寅凯，香港大学社会工作及社会行政学系博士生，研究方向:养老保障、社会保障理论与政策；薛惠元(通讯作者)，武汉大学社会保障研究中心副主任，副教授、硕士生导师，研究方向:养老保险、社会保险精算。

Social Pension Insurance Participation,Social Status Identification and Sense of Fairness for Flexible Workers—Evidence from CLDS

ZHANG Yin-kai,XUE Hui-yuan

Abstract：Social status identification and a sense of fairness are important indicators of the social security system for narrowing the income gap and achieving social equity.The rise of flexible workers has not only challenged the traditional social pension insurance system but also put forward new requirements for building a new type and more equitable social security system.Based on data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) from 2014 to 2016,this study analyzed the impact of social pension insurance participation on the status identification and sense of fairness of flexible workers.Compared with uninsured flexible workers,participation in social pension insurance for residents has positive impacts for flexible workers′ status identification,while participation in social pension insurance for employees′ has positive impacts on flexible workers′ sense of fairness significantly.Moreover,the impacts of social pension insurance participation vary among flexible workers with different employment relationships and income levels.In particular,for the low-income group,the income level may crowd out social pension insurance for employees.The paper suggests improving the policy for flexible workers to access social pension insurance,the contributions should be based on capability,appropriately narrowing the benefit gaps between different pension insurance plans,regularizing the legal relations between flexible workers and employers,and enhancing employers′ responsibilities to make contributions.

Key words：social pension insurance;flexible workers;social status identification;sense of fairness