《保险研究》20240309-《我国<保险法>应明定消费者保护原则——以<保险法>第五次修改为背景》（樊启荣、郭梦圆）

［摘   要］当下保险业高速发展，保险消费者权益受侵害的问题日益凸显。《保险法》明定消费者保护原则的必要性，由保险交易之特点决定，体现于保险制度功能的变迁中，并在现代保险立法强调保险消费者保护的理念中得到印证。保险交易中，受保险合同的附合性、信息偏在问题以及消费者自身局限等因素的影响，保险消费者劣势地位明显。保险制度的功能经历了从“分散海上风险”到“防范道德风险”，再到“保护被保险大众”的演进。海上保险属商人保险，立法更多考虑保险人利益；现代保险中消费者保险占据重要地位，立法更侧重保险消费者权益保护。现行《保险法》第1条虽然确立了保护保险活动当事人合法权益的立法目的，但忽视了保险消费者相较于保险人的劣势地位。未来应以《保险法》第五次修改为契机，在总则立法目的中明定消费者保护原则，申明保险消费者保护的重要性，以期对保险消费者保护理念的深入及相关规则之适用有所助益。

［关键词］商人保险；消费者保险；信息不对称；消费者保护原则；消费者权益保护

［基金项目］本文为国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会治理创新背景下责任保险法的理论变革与制度创新研究”(15BFX167)的阶段性研究成果。

［作者简介］樊启荣，中南财经政法大学法学院教授、博士生导师，研究方向：保险法；郭梦圆，中南财经政法大学法学院博士研究生，研究方向：保险法。

China′s Insurance Law should Stipulate on the Principle of Consumer Protection

FAN Qi-rong,GUO Meng-yuan

Abstract：With the rapid development of the insurance industry,the infringement on the rights and interests of insurance consumers has become increasingly prominent.Compared with traditional consumers,insurance consumers are at a greater disadvantage.The adhesion nature of the insurance contracts,the complexity of contract clauses,and the bias of information all have led to the disparity of the status of the two parties to the transaction,thus insurance consumers face multiple difficulties.At present,the competition in the insurance industry is becoming increasingly fierce,and the infringement on consumer rights and interests such as misleading sales is becoming increasingly serious,and the number of insurance consumer complaints is increasing year by year.In view of this,this paper discusses the importance of insurance consumer protection from the perspectives of the characteristics of insurance transactions,the changes in the functions of the insurance system in the past 100 years of development,and the changes in the focus of marine insurance legislation and modern insurance legislation,and discusses the necessity of stipulating the principle of consumer protection in China′s Insurance Law.In order to improve the rules of insurance consumer protection at the legislative level in the context of the fifth revision of the Insurance Law of the People′s Republic of China,which has been launched in China,it will be helpful to deepen the concept of insurance consumer protection and the application of relevant systems.

Key words：merchant insurance;consumer insurance;information asymmetry;the principle of consumer protection;protection of consumer rights and interests