《保险研究》20240901-《农业保险承保机构遴选中的赛马机制研究》（谭莉、丁少群、汪洋）

［摘   要］适度竞争是农业保险高质量发展的市场要求，承保机构的遴选则如同赛马机制的设计，是农业保险市场规范运行的制度基础。本文基于当前各地农业保险承保机构遴选的实施现状，从遴选主体、遴选标的、程序规则三大维度总结分析了现行遴选制度的特点及赛马机制的设计，并从农业保险适度竞争、遴选组织、遴选退出安排及遴选评价机制等方面探讨了现行遴选机制存在的问题。研究发现，遴选权限下放、政府干预是农业保险遴选混乱、寻租问题丛生的制度根源，区县内标段过度细分增加了承保机构经营负担、损害农险运行的风险分散基础，重“选”(投标评选)轻“赛”(经营考核)则会造成农险市场劣币驱逐良币。据此，为切实推进农业保险高质量发展，建议强化承保期的绩效评估和竞技要求、推动承保期绩效评比结果与下轮遴选评审的良性互动，将农业保险遴选组织权控制在地市级以上，结合农业保险风险经营特征分险种科学确定农险业务分包，完善市场退出机制和承接管理等。

［关键词］农业保险；高质量发展；承保机构遴选；赛马机制

［基金项目］研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目（23ZDA099）。

［作者简介］谭莉，川北医学院管理学院讲师、西南财经大学公共管理学院博士，研究方向：风险管理与保险政策；丁少群(通讯作者)，西南财经大学中国农业与农村保险研究中心主任、教授、博导，研究方向：农业保险与农村社会保障发展；汪洋，集美大学财经学院讲师、博士后，研究方向：数理金融与产业组织理论。

A Study on the Horse Racing Mechanism in the Selection of Agricultural Insurance Underwriters

TAN Li,DING Shao-qun,WANG Yang

Abstract：Moderate competition is the market requirement for the high-quality development of agricultural insurance,while the selection of underwriting organization,like the design of the horse-racing mechanism,is the institutional foundation for the regularized operation of the agricultural insurance market.Based on the selection policy of agricultural insurance underwriters,this paper summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of the selection system and the design of the horse-racing mechanism from the three dimensions of the subject,target and procedural rules,and explores the problems of the selection mechanism in terms of moderate competition,organization,exit arrangements and evaluation mechanism.The study finds that the decentralization of the selection authority and government intervention are the systemic reasons for the chaos and rent-seeking problems of the agricultural insurance selection mechanism,the excessive subdivision of bidders within the district and county has increased the operational burden of underwriting institutions and harmed the risk diversification basis of agricultural insurance,and the emphasis on “selection” but not on “competition” will cause the bad money to expel the good money in the agricultural insurance market.Accordingly,in order to promote the high-quality development of agricultural insurance,it is recommended to strengthen the performance evaluation and competitive requirements during the underwriting period,promote the positive interaction between the results of the performance evaluation during the underwriting period and the evaluation of the next round of selection,retain the right to organize the selection of agricultural insurance at the prefectural and municipal level or above,scientifically determine the subcontracting of agricultural insurance business by taking into account the characteristics of the risk operation of agricultural insurance,and optimize the market exit mechanism and the management of the succession process.

Key words：agricultural insurance;high quality development;selection of underwriters;horse-racing mechanism