《保险研究》20250709-《重复保险通知义务的反思与重构》（施啸波）

［摘   要］最高人民法院公报案例对重复保险通知义务的履行规则作出调整，反映出我国《保险法》第56条规定存在不足。当不同投保人进行投保，抑或投保人和被保险人并非同一主体时，现有重复保险通知义务规则可能会面临履行障碍。前述规则仅适用于狭义重复保险，适用范围较域外法更窄。同时现行立法也未对通知义务违反的法律后果作出规定。造成这些规则疏漏的主要原因是对重复保险通知义务的功能定位和法理基础存在一定的误解，即重复保险通知义务不仅具有便利事故发生后损失补偿的功能面向，同时还具有防范道德风险、优化承保决策和进行风险管理等积极效用。在本轮《保险法》修改过程中应考虑扩张通知义务的适用情形，并对其履行要求围绕现实中的缔约场景加以重构，明确投保人等因过错不进行通知时的法律后果。

［关键词］重复保险；通知义务；《保险法》第56条；损失补偿原则；道德风险

［基金项目］甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目“《保险法》第31条‘保险利益原则’修订研究”（2024HQ002）；国家留学基金管理委员会2025年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目（202506230158）。

［作者简介］施啸波，上海交通大学和德国杜塞尔多夫大学联合培养博士研究生，研究方向：保险法、破产法。

A Review and Reconstruction on the Notification Obligation of Double Insurance

SHI Xiao-bo

Abstract：The adjustment of the rules for fulfilling the notification obligation of double insurance in the case of the Supreme People's Court Gazette reflects certain omissions in Article 56 of the PRC Insurance Law.When different policyholders apply for insurance，or when the policyholder and the insured are not the same entity，the existing rules of notification obligations may face obstacles in implementation.The rule on the notification obligation of double insurance in China only applies to narrowly defined double insurance，and its scope of application is significantly narrower than that of foreign laws.The current legislation does not provide for the legal consequences of violating the notification obligation either.The main reason for the omission of these rules is the misunderstanding of the functional positioning and legal basis of the notification obligation of double insurance：the obligation not only has the function of facilitating claims and loss compensation after accidents occur，but also has the positive effect of preventing moral hazard，optimizing underwriting decisions and enabling better risk management.In the current round of revision of the Insurance Law，consideration should be given to expanding the scope of application of the notification obligation，reconstructing its performance requirements around practical insurance contracting scenarios，and clarifying the legal consequences for policyholders who fail to notify due to their fault.

Key words：double insurance;notification obligation;Article 56 of the PRC Insurance Law;the principle of indemnity;moral risk