《保险研究》20260205-《长期护理保险对护理员职业化的影响研究》（陈佳鑫、罗守贵）

［摘   要］提升养老护理员职业化水平是充分发挥养老服务体系功能，应对人口老龄化加速的关键。本文在理论模型的基础上，使用来自20个省份的大样本养老护理员调查一手数据，探讨长期护理保险对养老护理员职业化的影响。研究发现，长期护理保险的试点提升了养老护理员的职业化水平，尤其对年龄较轻、教育水平较高、有护理工作经验的护理员的影响更为明显。机制分析表明，长期护理保险的试点扩大了地区对护理员的需求与护理员内部的收入差距，为护理员职业化提供了经济激励。进一步研究发现，尽管长期护理保险的实施提升了养老护理机构的雇佣成本，但是降低了护理员的流失率并提高了机构培训比率。本研究为推动养老护理员职业化发展提供了新的政策视角，对提升养老服务质量、构建高水平养老服务人才队伍具有重要现实意义。

［关键词］长期护理保险；养老护理员；人力资本；职业化水平；经济激励

［基金项目］国家社会科学基金青年项目“城市社区居家养老的多元要素协同与多维主体联动研究”（22CGL032）；国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向人口老龄化的数智医疗服务体系构建与管理研究”（25&ZD182）。

［作者简介］陈佳鑫，上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院博士生；罗守贵（通讯作者），上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院特聘教授。

Long-Term Care Insurance，and the Professionalisation of Elderly Care Workers

CHEN Jia-xin，LUO Shou-gui

Abstract：Enhancing the professional competence of elderly care workers is crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of eldercare service systems and addressing the challenges of accelerating population aging.Based on a theoretical framework，this study employs large-scale first-hand survey data of elderly care workers from 20 provinces in China to examine the impact of long-term care insurance （LTCI） on their vocational skills.The findings reveal that LTCI pilot programs significantly improve the professional competence of care workers，particularly among younger，more educated，and experienced individuals.Mechanism analysis demonstrates that LTCI implementation expands regional demand for care workers and widens income disparities，thereby creating economic incentives for skill upgrading.Further investigation indicates that while LTCI adoption increases employment costs for eldercare institutions，it reduces staff turnover and enhances institutional training ratio.This study offers new policy insights for promoting the professionalisation of elderly care workers，with significant practical implications for enhancing the quality of eldercare services and cultivating a high-calibre workforce in the sector.

Key words：long-term care insurance；elderly care workers；human capital；professionalization；economic incentive